100 Years in Pictures

Apollo’s FireHalprin worksheetCleveland’s busy riverfront, south of the Superior ViaductStanley C. PaceCarl W. BrandRichard W. PogueNew Gallery co-founders Marjorie Talalay (left) and Nina Castelli SundellFairfaxCleveland Ballet co-founder Dennis Nahat as the tsar and Nanette Glushak as the tsarina in the company’s signature holiday performance of The NutcrackerGreen City Growers supplies Bibb lettuce, green leaf lettuce, gourmet lettuces and basil to institutional and commercial customers.1976: Sokol HallRonald B. RichardCommencement at Tri-C, 1975Barbecue restaurant owner Al (Bubba) Baker received a microloan that enabled the former Browns football player to begin local distribution of his proprietary de-boned baby-back ribs.The Dolan Center for Science and Technology at John Carroll University incorporated green building materials and smart energy and water systems.Welcome committees were organized to greet bused students on their first day at their new crosstown schools. The RetreatHomer C. WadsworthEllwood H. FisherHarry Goldblatt, M.D.Cleveland Institute of ArtJohn L. McChord1986: Cain ParkMichael D. White won voter support for “mayoral control” of the Cleveland public schools.1994: Great Lakes Science MuseumProposed townhomes for East 118th StreetFamed urban planner Lawrence Halprin (right) presented his ideas for downtown Cleveland’s redevelopment at a public forum in 1975 attended by Cleveland mayor Ralph J. Perk (center) and May Company department store president Francis Coy (left).Ohio CityCommunityFoundationAtlas.org websiteHolsey Gates HandysideCleveland Film SocietyA new generation of Circle fansThe Cleveland Trust Company’s neoclassical banking hall, which opened in 1908, was topped by an immense stained-glass dome.John J. DwyerThe grand opening of The Avenue at Tower City, 19901981: Convention and Visitors Bureau of Greater ClevelandThe Palace, the flagship of the Keith chain of vaudeville theaters, reinvented itself as a wide-screen movie house in the 1950s.Euclid Avenue, looking east, c. 1910L. Dale Dorney Fund1998: Cuyahoga Valley Scenic RailroadA new company that makes and installs solar-panel arrays has been created with foundation support.Kent H. SmithCleveland Housing Network financing programs have helped low- to moderate-income families become homeowners.First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (third from left) at the 1937 dedication of Lakeview Terrace, the nation’s first public housingFirst grants to advance serious medical research in an era still plagued with quackery: The Cunningham Sanitarium, located at East 185th Street and Lake Shore Boulevard, c. 1928. The sanitarium offered patients access to the world’s largest hyperbaric chamber, but its claims for the benefits of oxygen therapy proved specious.Cleveland voters expressed their hopes for the success of the reform plan by approving the Issue 107 operating levy.1997: Cleveland Clinic FoundationRobert E. Eckardt, Ph.D.Cleveland, Ohio, the birthplace of an entirely new concept of philanthropyWade Oval Wednesdays, summertime’s popular outdoor music seriesAdvocating greater reliance on clean energy: a wind farm in northwestern OhioHough’s frustrations with its seemingly intractable problems erupted into violence during the summer of 1966.Privately developed Beacon Place Townhomes on East 82nd Street—evidence of the return of middle-class Clevelanders to the central city1973: Severance HallAfter their father's untimely death, future political icons Carl (left) and Louis Stokes lived with their mother at Outhwaite Homes.Cleveland OrchestraCleveland City Hospital’s “iron lung” respirator, used for treating polio patients whose paralyzed muscles cause breathing difficulties, 19331959: Cleveland Institute of MusicMalvin E. BankArtist’s conception of the new Regional Transit Authority station planned for Mayfield Road in Little ItalyAn owner-employee of the Evergreen LaundryThe March on Washington, August 28, 1963, at which Martin Luther King Jr. called upon the nation to make good on democracy’s promise of social and economic freedom for all citizens The passenger terminal at Cleveland-Hopkins Airport, c. 1956The Cleveland Housing Network assisted the Mt. Pleasant Now nonprofit development corporation with the construction of the Union Court senior apartments.The multitude of organizational nameplates on the door to the Cleveland Foundation’s offices in the 1970s testified to its rebirth as a nexus of progressive philanthropy and an incubator of social-action programs. GroundWorks Dance Theater2005: ideastreamBusiness attraction: The Global Center for Health Innovation1968: Holden ArboretumCharles P. BoltonJacqueline F. WoodsFrank H. and Nancy L. Porter FundThe 2011 renovation of the Allen Theatre's main auditoriumCleveland Housing Network was the lead developer of Greenbridge Commons, permanent housing for chronically homeless individuals, in the Fairfax neighborhood.Detroit ShorewayThe issues facing 21st-century Clevelanders—educational and economic opportunity, neighborhood and cultural vitality, and strong health and human services—are much the same as those with which earlier generations wrestled.James A. NortonFoundation leaders confer about how to distribute 1947 income of $614,479 to a standing list of charitable institutions and agencies. Foundation director Leyton E. Carter (third from right) is seated next to the board’s sole female member, Constance Mather Bishop. Addressing the changing socioeconomic needs of the African-American community: 20th anniversary convening of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, hosted by Cleveland in 19292010: Hawken SchoolThe Frederick C. Crawford Auto Aviation Collection at the Western Reserve Historical SocietyChurch Square Commons, offering affordable apartments for adults 55 and older, is one of the Famicos Foundation’s most recent projects in Hough.Ohio governor John Kasich at the signing of House Bill 525, legislation enabling education reform, in June 2012George and Janet Voinovich1961: Benjamin Rose InstituteCaptain Frank’s seafood restaurant at the end of the Ninth Street Pier once commanded downtown’s best view of Lake Erie.The State TheatreInnovation: CleveMed’s wireless sleep monitorArchitectural drawing of the Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority's Lakeview Tower, a senior high-rise proposed for the near west side in 1971Donald and Ruth GoodmanSupport for humanitarian aid to the unemployed: Stone carvers responsible for the iconic pylons of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, a rare Depression-era construction project completed in 1932 with bond funds approved before the stock market crashCharles A. RatnerBarbara Haas Rawson2000: Cleveland Zoological SocietyEvergreen Energy Solution’s photovoltaic panelsMAGNET incubator graduate, DXY Solutions, makes components and software for mobile devices.Cleveland schools CEO Eric Gordon and Cleveland mayor Frank Jackson stumping in 2012 for the passage of the first operating levy to be placed on the ballet in 16 yearsA greasy-spoon diner and flophouse at Payne and Walnut Avenues downtown, c. 1968—emblems of the City of Cleveland’s intensifying financial distress Cleveland Orchestra27 Coltman, a luxury townhome development on the eastern boundary of University CircleGrand opening of the Outhwaite Homes, 1937Harry Coulby FundsA satellite photograph of Lake Erie, downtown Cleveland and the Cuyahoga River valley: The foundation has learned to take the long view in helping the community craft fresh responses to persistent urban problems.1985: Cleveland State UniversityAnisfield-Wolf Book AwardsUpper Chester, which abuts the Cleveland Clinic, is the next Circle neighborhood slated for redevelopment.Inauguration ceremony of the 1975 World Conference of the International Women’s Year, Mexico City1967: Blossom Music CenterMOCA Cleveland’s faceted, mirrored, four-story art gallery anchors the Uptown development.LAND Studio’s proposed redesign of Public Square1972: Huron Road MallCleveland Institute of Music2004: Cleveland Museum of ArtThe Cleveland Foundation emerged from the crucible of the 1960s a stronger leader and more strategic grantmaker.Cleveland’s well-financed and -run network of community development organizations targeted this crumbling but historic eight-unit rowhouse in the Central neighborhood for rehabilitation.The East Central Townhomes, after a $1.2 million renovation by Burten, Bell and Carr Development CorporationThe West 25th Street retail district in Ohio City exemplifies the objective recently adopted by Neighborhood Progress, Inc. of restoring market forces in target neighborhoods.Nancy Dwyer’s Who’s on First? benchNeighbors who have come together to work on improvement of their neighborhoodPlayhouse Square, c. 1969F. James and Rita Rechin Fund1996: Dunham Tavern Museum2001: Cleveland Botanical GardenChester Avenue demarks the northern border of the MidTown Corridor.2010: Case Western Reserve UniversityProtest demonstration at Cleveland State University, 1969: poverty rates in the central city on the risePalace Theatre lobbyGoff did not believe that philanthropy should be the exclusive province of wealthy individuals such as Standard Oil Company founder John D. Rockefeller, a client of Goff’s former law firm.The foundation helped to draft and win passage of a clean energy law for Ohio.2000: Therapeutic Riding Center1976: Cleveland Play HouseRock and Roll Hall of Fame and MuseumKaramu HouseCarlton K. MatsonFred S. McConnellMort Epstein’s Pop Art-inspired electrical outlet, a CAAC-commissioned mural, graced the Union building on Euclid Avenue.The original Free Clinic, a drug treatment center on Cornell RoadA burning desire to be an attorney animated Goff as a young man. Circle institutions have invested or are planning to invest billions in capital improvements, such as University Hospitals of Cleveland’s new Seidman Cancer Center.Halprin’s impressionist sketch of Cleveland’s “Flats,” which he praised as a “tremendous resource.” 1982: Cleveland Institute of ArtJohn SherwinThe formal entrance to the Judson Park retirement community, an independent living facility erected in 1974 next to the traditional nursing home established by the Baptist Home of Ohio in the former Bicknell mansion on Cleveland’s east sideThe Goff home on Lake Shore Boulevard in BratenahlFrances Southworth, Goff’s bride and intellectual partnerPresbyterian minister Bruce W. Klunder died while protesting the construction of three public elementary schools that Cleveland’s civil rights community believed would perpetuate a system of segregated and inferior education for African-American students.Global Cleveland’s welcome centerThe foundation’s vision of creating a wind farm in Lake Erie is moving closer to reality.R. M. Fischer’s Sports StacksLeadership of a 1933 initiative to replace squalid tenements with subsidized garden apartmentsProgressive Field at GatewayTitle VIII (the “Federal Fair Housing Act”) of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, signed by President Johnson a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., advanced the struggle for integration taking place in Cleveland’s eastern suburbs and elsewhere across the nation.2002: Cleveland Institute of MusicGreen City Growers Cooperative’s 3.25-acre hydroponic greenhouse in the Central neighborhood opened in 2013. John Sherwin Jr.Albert Sabin (left) developed the oral vaccine given to Cleveland children.Cleveland Public ArtContaminants flowing into Lake Erie, 1965TremontUniversity Circle’s cultural institutions have long been renowned for their enriching educational activities.By 1929, when Cleveland laid claim to having the tallest skyscraper in the country—the Terminal Tower, evocatively captured here by famed photographer Margaret Bourke-White—the community foundation movement had spread across America.1968: Karamu House1991: Hathaway Brown School1996: Old Stone Church1999: Western Reserve Historical Society1986: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and MuseumProjects receiving recent Neighborhood Connection grants have ranged from hands-on crafts classes to the reintroduction of beekeeping. 2006: Cleveland Clinic FoundationThe restored Hungarian Cultural GardenSteven A. MinterDavid Goldberg1984: Cleveland Department of Parks, Recreation and PropertiesJames R. GarfieldGoff in a rare moment of leisureH. Stuart HarrisonSophisticated life support equipment in an air ambulance made by Nextant Aerospace, Ohio’s only aircraft manufacturer and a MAGNET clientTo date, 100 percent of the student body at the School of Science and Medicine goes on to college.St. Joseph's Orphanage for Girls on Woodland AvenueKatharine Holden Thayer by Cindy NaegeleRaymond Q. Armington2007: Great Lakes Theater FestivalLakeview TerraceFlotsam despoiling the beach at Gordon ParkA. E. Convers Fund2002: Shaker Lakes Regional Nature CenterCool Cleveland editor and publisher Tom MulreadyBusiness growth: The Greater Cleveland Partnership’s business development teamGlenville High School students, 1914Alfred M. Rankin Jr.Planning model of Cleveland, c. 1960Belle SherwinMOCA ClevelandGoff wisely decided that an independent citizen’s committee should determine how a community foundation’s income should be distributed, rather than the directors of the foundation’s trustee bank. Cleveland BalletJames A. RatnerMayor Dennis Kucinich’s ceremonial presentation of a post-default debt paymentA landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision righted the injustice experienced by Clarence Earl Gideon, a drifter who was convicted of felony theft because he could not afford an attorney and had defended himself at trial.SPACESVice President Hubert H. Humphrey showed his support for Stokes’s Cleveland: NOW! initiative on a visit to the city in 1968.Stokes and his wife, Shirley, on election day, 1968 Gordon Park in its heydayAn east-side Cleveland elementary school, 1963: growing frustration with what appears to be systematic segregationAlthough the foundation’s trailblazing was a faded tradition by 1955, when this picture of the trustee bank presidents holding a replica of the foundation’s logo was snapped, its stature as the world’s first community trust remained a source of pride.The Board of Education building in downtown Cleveland, longtime headquarters of the system’s central administrationDispersed by police, the protesters did not succeed in halting construction, but Klunder’s martyrdom inspired the civil rights community to continue what was ultimately a victorious fight against segregation of the Cleveland public schools.Cleveland mayor Ralph S. LocherAretha Franklin at the Tri-C JazzFestThe Great Lakes Science Center’s wind turbineFrances Southworth GoffThe reversal of downtown Cleveland’s stagnation, symbolized by the redevelopment of the Terminal Tower, is a 60-year-old work in progress in which the foundation has been steadily engaged.Fostering economic opportunity via college scholarships: Garment workers at Joseph & Feiss Company, makers of the $15 blue serge suitAdam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin CollegeSlavic VillageCarl B. Stokes at a town hall meeting, 1969: an historic but troubled mayoral administration Tom L. Johnson, a reformer who served as Cleveland’s mayor from 1901 to 1909, helped to shape the city’s progressive climate. Frederick Harris Goff, humanitarian, 1858‒1923Andrew Carnegie, the “king of steel,” created a private foundation to carry out his philanthropic activities. Goff invented a simpler, more affordable mechanism to serve the charitable impulses of caring individuals of all means.Leyton E. CarterCleveland Museum of Art2013: Friends of the Cleveland School of the ArtsCommunityFoundationAtlas.org websiteA “City Canvases” mural by graphic designer John MorellThe Allen Theatre, originally an opulent silent movie house, c. 1938Lake-Geauga FundThe gallery's second home on Bellflower Road in University Circle1982: The TempleTreu-Mart FundThe Cleveland Foodbank’s LEED-certified distribution centerEdgewater Park under state stewardshipMAGNET’s Prism program helped Cleveland-based Vitamix keep up with demand for its high-end blenders.Participants in Parade the Circle, an annual celebration of creativity Hunter MorrisonSinging AngelsMaster planner I. M. Pei (right), Cleveland’s urban renewal director James Lister (center) and chief architect Jack Hayes at the Erieview Tower construction site, 1954 The bulldozer operator accidentally backed over Rev. Klunder in order to avoid hurting the protestors lying in front of him.J. Kimball JohnsonRalph J. Perk lends a hand to the theater restoration project, which began during his tenure as Cleveland mayor. Sustaining the excellence of the region’s cultural assets: a summer solstice party at the Cleveland Museum of ArtThe NAACP-Cleveland’s fight for desegregation ultimately leads in 1973 to a federal lawsuit against the Cleveland public schools: the likelihood of court-ordering busing Wade Lagoon, the tranquil heart of Cleveland’s cultural hub 1964: Garden Center of Greater ClevelandInstitute of Pathology at Western Reserve University, as it appeared at its opening in 19292003: Hanna Perkins Center for Child DevelopmentThe Ohio Department of Natural Resources invested more than $40 million in capital improvements to the band of green spaces renamed the Cleveland Lakefront State Park. Vietnamese lutist Pham Thi Hue was Young Audiences of Northeast Ohio’s artist in residence in 2013.2009: Cleveland Institute of ArtKucinich proclaiming victory on the eve of his election as mayor in 1977An examination room at the Glenville Health ClinicThe cast of Nicholas NicklebySold out! Heritage Lane townhomes, built within walking distance of the CircleHarold T. ClarkEntrepreneurship: Wood Trac, an affordable, drop-ceiling system developed and marketed by Sauder Woodworking, a family-owned business in Ashland, OhioTri-C JazzFest, 1993Uptown, the Circle’s exciting, new high-density neighborhood, has all the amenities associated with urban living.Lexington VillageClean water advocates, 1968Reinhold W. Erickson, D.D.S.The foundation’s 1915 public education survey resulted in sweeping reform. For decades thereafter, Cleveland’s school system was regarded as a model of excellence.Ivan Lecaros (right), a master printmaker from Chile, puts the final touches on a drawing for a silkscreen print during his 2012 residency at Zygote Press.Catharine Monroe LewisDancer/choreographer Kapila Palihawadana of Sri Lanka, 2012 artist in residence with the Inlet Dance Theatre, conducts a master dance class at the Beck Center for the Performing Arts.Tri-C’s early use of computers as a teaching aid, c. 1980Dancing WheelsOn December 15, 1978, Cleveland City Council considered and rejected Mayor Kucinich’s 11th-hour plan to avoid default.2004: The Gathering PlaceUnder the leadership of former CEO Baiju Shah, BioEnterprise created, recruited or helped to grow more than 170 local biotechnology companies.Tri-C groundbreaking, 1966Graduation day at Cleveland Early College High School, 2012Members of the African-American Philanthropy Committee: Reverend Elmo A. Bean, Doris A. Evans, M.D., David G. Hill, Lillian W. BurkeMalcolm L. McBride2006: MOCA ClevelandOn his way to building Cleveland Trust into America’s sixth largest bank, Goff occasionally took time out to indulge his passion for fishing.Great Lakes Science CenterStokes with his brother Louis (left)1975: Kenneth C. Beck Center for the Cultural ArtsSherwick Fund1956: Cleveland Institute of ArtGreat Lakes Theater FestivalMAGNET incubator tenant Tom Lix, the founder and CEO of Cleveland Whiskey, which has developed a proprietary process for accelerating the aging of distilled liquorsKenneth W. Clement M.D.Linking city kids to life-enriching programs: Duffy Liturgical Dance teaches children to perform and thus preserve songs and dances created by African slaves in America.1957: Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryThe Peter B. Lewis Building, designed by Frank Gehry, is the home of Case Western Reserve University’s Weatherhead School of Management.James D. WilliamsonCleveland Play HouseBarack Obama campaigns at Tri-C, 2007In 1967, this Cleveland Heights home, owned by an African American, was bombed in a senseless and vain attempt to halt the suburb’s integration.Manchester Bidwell, the Pittsburgh model on which NewBridge is based, has instilled a love of learning in teens who previously did not fare well in school.NewBridge prepares adults for careers as health care technicians.An assembly line at the Ford Motor Company plant in Brook Park, 1973: manufacturing jobs on the declineDr. King speaking in Rockefeller Park on a visit to Cleveland in 1967. The previous year he had dramatized the issue of housing discrimination by moving his family into a grimy apartment on the segregated west side of Chicago and joining in protest marches into that city’s all-white neighborhoods.Raymond C. MoleyMAGNET consultants helped Nextant Aerospace of Richmond Heights, Ohio, apply lean principles to its specialty business of remanufacturing corporate jets for an under-$5 million market.